Novel intraocular lens for reducing glare

ABSTRACT

An intraocular lens implantable in an eye includes an optic for placement in the capsular bag of the eye and for directing light toward the retina of the eye. The optic has a central optical axis, an anterior face, an opposing posterior face and a peripheral edge between the faces. The peripheral edge has one or more curved or angled surfaces that reduce glare within the IOL. For instance, a rounded transition surface on the anterior side of the peripheral edge diffuses the intensity of reflected light, or a particular arrangement of straight edge surfaces refracts the light so as not to reflect, or does not reflect at all. The intersection of the peripheral edge and at least one of the anterior face and the posterior face, preferably both of such faces, forms a peripheral corner located at a discontinuity between the peripheral edge and the intersecting face or faces. The present IOLs inhibit cell growth from the eye in front of or in back of the optic and reduce glare obtained in the eye in which the IOL is located.

RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The present application is a continuation of co-pendingapplication Ser. No. 10/245,920, filed Sep. 17, 2002, which is acontinuation of application Ser. No. 09/507,602, filed Feb. 18, 2000,now U.S. Pat. No. 6,483,306, issued Oct. 22, 2002, which is acontinuation of application Ser. No. 09/448,713, filed Nov. 24, 1999,now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.09/086,882, filed May 29, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,249, issued Dec.19, 2000. The disclosure of each of these applications and the patent isincorporated in its entirety by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to intraocular lenses (IOLs) and, moreparticularly, to IOLs which inhibit migration or growth of cells fromthe eye onto the IOL and reduce glare in the eye.

[0003] An intraocular lens is commonly used to replace the natural lensof a human eye when warranted by medical conditions. It is commonpractice to implant an IOL in a region of the eye known as the capsularbag or posterior capsule.

[0004] One potential concern with certain IOLs following implantation isthat cells from the eye, particularly epithelial cells from the capsularbag, tend to grow in front of and/or in back of the optic of the IOL.This tends to block the optic of the IOL and to impair vision.

[0005] A common treatment for this condition is to use a laser todestroy the cells and a central region of the capsular bag. Althoughthis treatment is effective, the laser is expensive and is not availablethroughout the world. There is also cost associated with the lasertreatment as well as some patient inconvenience and risk ofcomplications. Finally, the laser treatment may affect the performanceof some IOLs.

[0006] Another potential concern after certain IOLs are implanted has todo with glare caused by light reflecting off of the IOLs, in particular,the edges of IOLs. Such glare can be an annoyance to the patient and mayeven lead to removal and replacement of the IOL.

[0007] It would be advantageous to provide IOLs which inhibit growth ofcells from the eye onto the IOLs and/or which reduce glare caused by theIOLs in the eye.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] New IOLs have been discovered. Such IOLs are effective to inhibitcell growth, in particular epithelial cell growth, from the eye onto theoptic of the IOLs. The IOLs are structured so as to reduce glare, inparticular edge glare, in the eye resulting from the presence of theIOL. The present IOLs are straightforward in design and construction,are easily manufactured, can be implanted, or inserted in the eye usingconventional techniques, and are effective and produce substantialbenefits in use in the eye.

[0009] In one broad aspect of the present invention, the present IOLsare implantable in the eye and comprise an optic having a centraloptical axis, an anterior face, an opposing posterior face and aperipheral edge or edge surface between the faces. The optic is adaptedfor placement in the capsular bag of the eye and for directing lighttoward the retina of the eye. In a very useful embodiment, the IOLsfurther comprise at least one fixation member, preferably two fixationmembers, and more preferably two elongated fixation members, coupled tothe optic for use in fixing the IOLs in the eye.

[0010] In a preferred aspect, the present invention provides areduced-glare intraocular lens implantable in the eye and including anoptic adapted for placement in the capsular bag of the eye for directinglight toward the retina of the eye. The optic has a central opticalaxis, an anterior face, an opposing posterior face, and a peripheraledge. The peripheral edge has a least one surface with a linearcross-sectional configuration that is oriented other than parallel tothe central optical axis. Further, the peripheral edge and the anteriorface, and/or the peripheral edge and the posterior face, intersect toform at least one peripheral edge corner located at a discontinuitybetween the peripheral edge and the intersecting anterior or posteriorface. The peripheral edge may also include a rounded transition surfaceon its anterior side, wherein the peripheral edge corner is providedonly between the peripheral edge and intersecting posterior face. Theperipheral edge may also include two linear surfaces angled with respectto one another, wherein the other linear surface may be orientedparallel to the optical axis.

[0011] In another aspect of present invention, a reduced-glareintraocular lens implantable in an eye comprises an optic adapted forplacement in the capsular bag of the eye and for directing light towardthe retina of the eye. The optic has a central optical axis, an anteriorface, and a posterior face. An outer edge of the optic is defined by aperipheral edge that includes, in cross-section, a linear surface thatis non-parallel with respect to the optical axis and a posterior cornerdefining the posterior limit of the peripheral edge. Advantageously,cell growth from the eye in front of or in back of the optic is moreinhibited relative to a substantially identical intraocular lens withoutthe posterior corner, and reduced glare is obtained in the eye relativeto a substantially identical intraocular lens having a peripheral linearsurface that is parallel to the central optical axis. The optic may alsoinclude a convex surface on the peripheral edge defining a transitionsurface between the anterior face and the linear surface. A secondlinear surface that is parallel with respect to the optical axis mayalso be provided. In addition, the optic may include first and secondlinear surfaces, wherein the first linear surface is anteriorly-facingand second linear surface is parallel with respect to the optical axis.

[0012] In still a further embodiment of the present invention, anintraocular lens implantable in an eye includes an optic adapted forplacement in the capsular bag of the eye and for directing light towardthe retina of the eye. The optic includes a peripheral edge extendingbetween an anterior face and a posterior face consisting only of aconical surface. The conical surface may be posteriorly-facing, whereinthe conical surface is sufficiently angled with respect to the opticalaxis so as to increase transmission of light from the optic through theconical surface relative to a substantially identical intraocular lenswith a peripheral edge consisting only of a surface parallel to theoptical axis. Alternatively, a peripheral land extends between theanterior face and conical surface, wherein the conical surface isgenerally posteriorly-facing and wherein the conical surface and theperipheral land adjacent the conical surface define an acute includedangle. In a still further form, the conical surface may beanteriorly-facing, wherein the conical surface is sufficiently angledwith respect to the optical axis so as to decrease the probability oflight internal to the optic contacting the conical surface relative to asubstantially identical intraocular lens with a peripheral edgeconsisting only of a surface parallel to the optical axis.

[0013] Another aspect of present invention is an intraocular lensincluding an optic defining a central optical axis, an anterior face,and a posterior face. A peripheral edge extending between the anteriorface and the posterior face includes, in cross-section, a linear edgesurface terminating at its anterior side in an anterior edge corner. Ananterior land adjacent the anterior edge corner, wherein the linear edgesurface and the anterior land define an acute included angle so as toincrease transmission of light from the optic through the conicalsurface relative to a substantially identical intraocular lens with alinear edge surface and anterior land that define an included angle of90° or more.

[0014] In a still further form, the present invention provides anintraocular lens having optic defining optical axis, an anterior face,and a posterior face. A peripheral edge stands between the anterior faceand posterior face and includes, in cross-section, at least two linearedge surfaces that are not parallel to the optical axis. The two linearedge surfaces may be angled radially inwardly toward each other to meetan apex and together define a groove. Further, a plurality of suchgrooves may be provided by adjoining linear edge surfaces. A roundedtransition surface extending between an anteriorly-facing edge surfaceand the anterior face of the optic may also be provided.

[0015] The peripheral edge of the present IOLs may have a substantiallycontinuous curved configuration in the direction between the anteriorand posterior faces of the optic, that is between the faces in across-sectional plane including the optical axis. Indeed, the entireperipheral edge may have a substantially continuous curved configurationin the direction between the anterior and posterior faces of the optic.

[0016] The peripheral edge of the present IOLs may have a curvedsurface, a flat surface that is either parallel to the optical axis ornot, or a combination of flat and/or curved surfaces. For example, if aportion of the peripheral edge has a substantially continuous curvedconfiguration, another portion, for example, the remaining portion, ofthe peripheral edge preferably has a linear configuration in thedirection between the anterior and posterior faces of the optic which isnot parallel to the optical axis.

[0017] The present IOLs preferably provide reduced glare in the eyerelative to the glare obtained with a substantially identical IOL havinga peripheral edge parallel (flat) to the central optical axis in thedirection between the faces of the optic. One or more of at least partof the peripheral edge, a portion of the anterior face near theperipheral edge and a portion of the portion face near the peripheraledge may be at least partially opaque to the transmission of light,which opacity is effective in reducing glare. Such opacity can beachieved in any suitable manner, for example, by providing “frosting” orphysically or chemically roughening selected portions of the optic.

[0018] In addition, the intersection of the peripheral edge and at leastone or both of the anterior face and the posterior face forms aperipheral corner or corner edge located at a discontinuity between theperipheral edge and the intersecting face. Such peripheral corner, whichmay be considered a sharp, abrupt or angled peripheral corner, iseffective in inhibiting migration or growth of cells from the eye ontothe IOL. Preferably, the present IOLs, with one or two such angledperipheral corners, provide that cell growth from the eye in front of orin back of the optic is more inhibited relative to a substantiallyidentical IOL without the sharp, abrupt or angled peripheral corner orcorners.

[0019] The peripheral edge and the intersecting face or faces intersectat an angle or angles, preferably in a range of about 45° to about 135°,more preferably in a range of about 60° to about 120°. In oneembodiment, an obtuse angle (that is greater than 90° and less than180°) of intersection is provided. Such angles of intersection are veryeffective in facilitating the inhibition of cell migration or growthonto and/or over the anterior face and/or posterior face of the optic ofthe present IOL.

[0020] In one very useful embodiment, at least one, conceivably both, ofthe anterior face and the posterior face has a peripheral regionextending from the peripheral edge toward the central optical axis. Theperipheral region or regions preferably are substantially planar, andmay or may not be substantially perpendicular to the central opticalaxis. Preferably, only the anterior face has a peripheral regionextending from the peripheral edge toward the central optical axis whichis substantially planar, more preferably substantially perpendicular tothe central optical axis. The peripheral region preferably has a radialdimension of at least about 0.1 mm, and more preferably no greater thanabout 2 mm.

[0021] The dimension of the optic parallel to the central optical axisbetween the anterior face and the posterior face preferably is smallerat or near the peripheral edge, for example, at the peripheral region orregions, than at the central optical axis.

[0022] In one embodiment, at least a part or a portion of the peripheraledge surface of the optic is generally convex relative to the centraloptical axis. Alternately, at least a part or a portion of theperipheral edge surface of the optic is generally concave relative tothe central optical axis. In a particularly useful embodiment, a firstportion of the peripheral edge surface is generally convex relative tothe central optical axis and a second portion of the peripheral edgesurface is generally concave relative to the optical axis.

[0023] Preferably, the peripheral edge and/or the peripheral region orregions circumscribe the central optical axis. The anterior face and theposterior face preferably are both generally circular in configuration,although other configurations, such as oval, elliptical and the like,may be employed. At least one of the anterior and posterior faces has anadditional region, located radially inwardly of the peripheral region,which is other than substantially planar.

[0024] Each and every combination of two or more features describedherein is included within the scope of the present invention providedthat such features are not mutually inconsistent.

[0025] The invention, together with additional features and advantagesthereof, may best be understood by reference to the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying illustrativedrawings in which like parts bear like reference numerals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026]FIG. 1 is a plan view of one form of intraocular lens (IOL)constructed in accordance with the teachings of present invention.

[0027]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an optic of a prior art IOL.

[0028]FIG. 3 is an elevational view of an optic of an exemplaryembodiment of an IOL of the present invention having a medium dioptervalue.

[0029]FIG. 4 is an elevational view of an optic of a further exemplaryIOL of the present invention having a small diopter value.

[0030]FIG. 5 is an elevational view of an optic of a further exemplaryIOL of the present invention having a large diopter value.

[0031]FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a peripheral edge region of theIOL of FIG. 3 showing the paths of a plurality of light rays passingtherethrough.

[0032]FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region of anIOL of the present invention having an edge surface that is parallel tothe optical axis, an anteriorly-facing edge surface that is not parallelto, the optical axis and an anterior peripheral land that isperpendicular to the optical axis.

[0033]FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region of anIOL of the present invention having an anteriorly-facing edge surfacenot parallel to the optical axis and an anterior peripheral landperpendicular to the optical axis.

[0034]FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region of anIOL of the present invention having an anteriorly-facing edge surfacethat is not parallel to the optical axis and no peripheral land.

[0035]FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region ofan IOL of the present invention having an edge surface that is parallelto the optical axis and an anterior peripheral land that is notperpendicular to the optical axis.

[0036]FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region ofan IOL of the present invention having an edge surface that is parallelto the optical axis, an anterior peripheral land that is perpendicularto the optical axis, and an anterior peripheral land that is notperpendicular to the optical axis.

[0037]FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region ofan IOL of the present invention having a posteriorly-facing edge surfacethat is not parallel to the optical axis and no peripheral land.

[0038]FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge region ofan IOL of the present invention having a posteriorly-facing edge surfacethat is not parallel to the optical axis and an anterior peripheral landthat is perpendicular to the optical axis.

[0039]FIG. 14a is a radial sectional view of an IOL of the presentinvention showing a fixation member extending from a peripheral edge.

[0040]FIG. 14b is an elevational view of a peripheral edge region of theIOL of FIG. 14a.

[0041] FIGS. 15-17 are elevational views of peripheral edge regions ofIOLs of the present invention each having an anteriorly-facing edgesurface that is not parallel to the optical axis, a rounded transitionsurface between the edge surface and the anterior face of the IOL, and aposterior peripheral land.

[0042]FIG. 18 is an elevational view of a peripheral edge region of anIOL of the present invention having a baffle structure disposed along ananteriorly-facing edge surface.

[0043]FIG. 19 is an elevational view of a peripheral edge region of anIOL of the present invention having an anteriorly-facing edge surfaceand a rounded transition surface between the edge surface and theanterior face of the IOL.

[0044]FIG. 20 is an elevational view of a peripheral edge region of anIOL of the present invention having both anteriorly-andposteriorly-facing edge surfaces.

[0045]FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the optic of an alternativeIOL of the present invention.

[0046]FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the optic of an alternateembodiment of an IOL in accordance with the present invention.

[0047]FIG. 23 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optic of afurther embodiment of an IOL in accordance with the present invention.

[0048]FIG. 24 is a partial cross-sectional view of an additionalembodiment of an IOL in accordance with the present invention.

[0049]FIG. 25 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optic of anotherembodiment of an IOL in accordance with the present invention.

[0050]FIG. 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optic of afurther alternate embodiment of an IOL in accordance with the presentinvention.

[0051]FIG. 27 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optic of a stillfurther embodiment of an IOL in accordance with the present invention.

[0052]FIG. 28 is a partial cross-sectional view of the optic of stillanother embodiment of an IOL in accordance with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0053]FIG. 1 shows an IOL 20 which generally comprises an optic 22 andfixation members 24 a and 24 b. In this embodiment, the optic 22 may beconsidered as effective for focusing light on or near the retina of theeye. Optical axis 26 passes through the center of optic 22 in adirection generally transverse to the plane of the optic.

[0054] In this embodiment, the optic 22 is circular in plan andbi-convex approaching the optical axis 26. However, this configurationis merely illustrative as other configurations and shapes may beemployed. The optic 22 may be constructed of any of the commonlyemployed materials used for rigid optics, such as polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), or commonly employed materials used for resiliently deformableoptics, such as silicone polymeric materials, acrylic polymericmaterials, hydrogel-forming polymeric materials, mixtures thereof andthe like.

[0055] The fixation members 24 a and 24 b in this embodiment aregenerally C-shaped and are integral with the optic 22. However, this ispurely illustrative of the fixation members 24 a and 24 b as thefixation members may be of other configurations and/or may be separatemembers affixed to the optic 22 in any of a variety of conventionalways. Stated another way, the IOLs of the present invention may consistof one piece, with unitary optic and fixation members, or may be threeor more pieces, with two or more fixation members connected to theoptic. IOL 20 can be produced using conventional techniques well-knownin the art.

[0056] Unless expressly described hereinafter, the general structuralcharacteristics of IOL 20 apply to the other IOLs noted herein.

[0057]FIG. 2 illustrates an optic 30 of an IOL of the prior art havingan optical axis OA, a convex anterior face AF, a convex posterior facePF, and a peripheral edge 32. The peripheral edge 32 is typicallycircular and has a constant cross-section circumscribing the optic 30.The optic 30 illustrated is of the square-cornered variety whichprovides some inhibition of cell growth onto the optic 30, a conditionknown as posterior capsule opacification (PCO). The peripheral edge 32comprises an edge surface 34 that is parallel to the optical axis OA,and both anterior and posterior edge corners 36 a, 36 b, respectively.In addition, anterior and posterior lands 38 a, 38 b, extend between theanterior face AF and posterior face PF and respective edge corner 36 aor 36 b. Both the anterior and posterior lands 38 a, 38 b extendsubstantially perpendicularly with respect to the optical axis OA.Because of the parallel edge surface 34, the prior art optic 30 does notprovide reduced edge glare as do the IOLs in accordance with the presentinvention.

[0058] In the present application, the terms anterior and posterior areused in their conventional sense; anterior refers to the front side ofthe eye, while posterior refers to the rear side. A number of surfacesof the intraocular lens of present invention are denoted either“anteriorly-facing” or “posteriorly-facing” to indicate theirorientation with respect to the optical axis of the lens. For purpose ofexplanation, a surface that is parallel to the optical axis is neitheranteriorly-facing or posteriorly-facing. A surface that is even slightlyangled in one direction or the other can be identified with either theanterior or posterior side of the lens, depending on which side thatsurface faces.

[0059]FIG. 3 illustrates an optic 40 of an IOL of the present inventionhaving an advantageous peripheral edge 42. The optic 40 defines anoptical axis OA, a convex anterior face AF, and a convex posterior facePF. The peripheral edge 42 is desirably circular in shape, and has aconstant cross-section circumscribing the optic 40. However, it shouldbe understood by those skilled in the art that the peripheral edge 42may not extend completely around the optic 40, and may be interrupted byalternative peripheral edge configurations, including combinations ofperipheral edge configurations in accordance with the present invention.

[0060] The optic 40 is shown in elevational view to better illustratethe peripheral edge 42 in relation to the convex anterior face AF andposterior face PF. On the anterior side, the peripheral edge 42 includesa curved or rounded transition surface 44 leading to an anteriorperipheral land or region 46 that is desirably linear and substantiallyperpendicular to the optical axis OA. On the posterior side, adiscontinuous posterior edge corner 50 separates the peripheral edge 42from the posterior face PF, with no peripheral land. The edge corner 50defines the posterior limit of the peripheral edge 42. The peripheraledge 42 further comprises an edge surface 52 that is linear andsubstantially parallel to the optical axis OA adjacent the posterioredge corner 50, and an anteriorly-facing edge surface 54 that is linearand non-parallel to the optical axis OA adjacent the rounded transitionsurface 44. A shallow corner or discontinuity 56 separates the paralleledge surface 52 from the non-parallel edge surface 54.

[0061] In this respect, the term discontinuity refers to a transitionbetween two peripheral edge surfaces that is visible as a corner orperipheral line on the optic. Of course, all corners ultimately have aradius, but discontinuity in this regard pertains only to a corner thatis visible as a discrete line as opposed to a more rounded region. Inturn, “visible” in this regard refers to visible as seen by the nakedeye, or with the assistance of certain low-power magnification devices,such as an ocular. Another way to define corners in the presence senseis the intersection between two linear surfaces, at least with respectto the magnification shown in the drawings of the present application.Still another way to look at the effect of a discontinuity at the cornerof the peripheral edge is that cell growth from the eye in front of orin back of the optic is more inhibited relative to a substantiallyidentical intraocular lens without the discontinuity.

[0062] As used herein, the term “linear,” used to refer to various edgesurfaces, is in all cases as viewed through the cross-section of theparticular edge. That is, the lenses of the present invention aregenerally circular, and the peripheral edges thus defined circularsurfaces of revolution. A linear cross-sectional edge can thereforedefined a cylinder, or a conical surface. If the edge is parallel to theoptical axis, the surface is cylindrical. On the other hand, if thesurface is non-parallel with respect to the optical axis, the surface isconical. Therefore, a linear, non-parallel edge surface is conical, atleast for a portion of the peripheral edge. It should be noted that, asmentioned above, the edge geometry around the periphery of anyparticular lens of the present invention may not be constant, and theedge surfaces disclosed herein should not be construed as necessarilyextending in a constant configuration around the entire periphery of thelens.

[0063] Although the anterior peripheral land or region 46 is shown asbeing linear and substantially perpendicular to the optical axis OA,other configurations are contemplated. For example, the peripheral land46 could be other than linear, i.e., convex or concave with respect to aplane through the medial plane of the optic. Or, the peripheral land 46could be angled toward or away from the anterior side. Further, theremay be more than one surface defining the peripheral land 46, such as acurved and a linear surface.

[0064]FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate two further optics 60 a and 60 b thathave substantially the same configuration as the optic 40 of FIG. 3.That is, both optics 60 a and 60 b have an optical axis OA, a convexanterior face AF, a convex posterior face PF, and a peripheral edge 62a, 62 b, respectively. Each peripheral edge 62 a, 62 b, comprises,respectively, a rounded transition surface 64 a, 64 b, and anteriorperipheral land 66 a, 66 b that is substantially perpendicular to theoptical axis OA, a posterior edge corner 70 a, 70 b, an edge surface 72a, 72 b that is substantially parallel to the optical axis OA, and ananteriorly-facing edge surface 74 a, 74 b that is non-parallel to theoptical axis OA.

[0065]FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate optics of similar configuration thathave different dimensions based on their different magnitude of opticalcorrection, or diopter value. The optic 40 of FIG. 3 has an intermediatecorrection diopter value of 20, the optic 60 a of FIG. 4 has a dioptervalue of 10, and the optic 60 b of FIG. 5 has a diopter value of 30.These relative diopter values are reflected in the relative convexity ofeach. That is, the smallest diopter value optic 40 shown in FIG. 4 hasrelatively shallow convex anterior face AF and posterior face PF. Incontrast, the larger diopter value optic 60 b in FIG. 5 has a largerconvexity for both the anterior face AF and posterior face PF.

[0066] Various dimensions for the respective peripheral edges of theexemplary optics shown in FIGS. 3-5 are also given in FIGS. 4 and 5.That is, the thickness of each peripheral edge is given as t, thethickness of the parallel edge surface is given as A, the angle of thenon-parallel edge surface is given as θ, and a radius of curvature ofthe transition surface is given as R.

[0067] The following tables provide exemplary values for thesedimensions for the optics 60 a and 60 b of FIGS. 4 and 5. Thesedimensions are considered suitable for optics 60 a and 60 b that aremade from silicone. It should be noted that the dimensions for the optic40 of FIG. 3 are desirably approximately equal to those for the optic 60b of FIG. 5. It should also be noted that the following dimensions arebelieved to provide certain benefits as far as reducing glare and PCO inIOLs, although not all the dimensions have been selected for either ofthose particular purposes. For example, some of the dimensions may bedesirable to facilitate manufacturing of the respective IOL.

[0068] Table I provides exemplary values for optics that are made fromacrylic. TABLE I EXEMPLARY DIMENSIONS FOR SILICONE IOLs T₁ (in) t₂ (in)A₁ (in) A₂ (in) θ₁ θ2 R₁ (in) R₂ (in) .023-.027 .012-.007 .002-.007.002-.007 13-17° 13-17° .001-.003 .004-.006

[0069] Table II provides exemplary values for the same dimensions asshown in FIGS. 4-5, but for optics that are made from acrylic. In thiscase, the subscript “1” pertains to optics having a diopter value of 10,while the subscript “2” pertains to optics having a diopter value ofeither 20 or 30. TABLE II EXEMPLARY DIMENSIONS FOR ACRYLIC IOLs t₁ (in)t₂ (in) A₁ (in) A₂ (in) θ₁ θ₂ R₁ (in) R₂ (in) .015-.019 .013-.017.002-.007 .002-.007 13-17° 13-17° .004-.008 .004-.008

[0070] As is apparent from FIGS. 3-5, the convexity of the variouslenses along the optical axis OA increases with increasing diopter value(the posterior face and especially the anterior face are more highlyconvex). However, some surgeons prefer the intraocular lenses to haveapproximately the same volume or center thickness at the optical axisregardless of diopter power. This permits the surgeon to use the samesurgical technique across the diopter range. Therefore, the presentinvention contemplates varying the overall diameter of the optic fordifferent diopter values. That is, the center thickness of theintraocular lenses for different diopter values remains the sameregardless of diameter. Therefore, the diameter of lenses having greaterconvexity should be reduced to reduce the center thickness, and thediameter of flatter lenses should be increased, both to an intermediatevalue. For example, the diameter of the lower diopter value optic 60 ashown in FIG. 4 may be increased so that the center thickness is closerto the intermediate diopter value optic 40 shown in FIG. 3. Likewise,the diameter of the higher diopter value optic 60 b shown in FIG. 5 maybe decreased so that the center thickness is closer to the optic 40shown in FIG. 3.

[0071] Therefore, the present invention contemplates a set ofintraocular lenses having varying diopter values wherein the diameter ofthe optics varies generally inversely (although not necessarilylinearly) with respect to the diopter value. In this way, a set ofintraocular lenses having approximately the same center thickness can beprovided to the surgeon to help make the implantation procedure moreconsistent and predictable. One example of a set of intraocular lensesmay include the optics shown in FIGS. 3-5. The lower diopter lens 60 aof FIG. 4 may have a diameter of approximately 6.25 mm, the intermediatediopter lens 40 of FIG. 3 may have a diameter of 6.0 mm, and the higherdiopter lens 60 b of FIG. 5 may have a diameter of 5.75 mm.Advantageously, an increased diameter for lower diopter lensescorresponds to human physiology. That is, people who require lowerdiopter lenses typically have larger eyes, while people requiring highdiopters tend to have smaller eyes.

[0072]FIG. 6 illustrates a section of the peripheral edge 42 of theoptic 40 of FIG. 3 with a plurality of discrete light rays 80 a, 80 b,80 c, entering the peripheral edge from the anterior side. Therefracted/reflected path of each light ray through the peripheral edge42 is indicated, with the path of each light ray as it exits theperipheral edge 42 indicated as 82 a, 82 b and 82 c.

[0073]FIG. 6 thus illustrates the advantageous characteristic of theperipheral edge 42 in diffusing incoming parallel light rays so that thereflected light intensity is reduced. That is, any light that ordinarilywould reflect back towards the optical axis at near its originalintensity is instead diffused to reduce glare in the IOL. The presentinvention contemplates utilizing a curved or rounded transition surface,such as the surface 44, in combination with one or more planar edgesurfaces that are not parallel to the optical axis, such as the edgesurface 54. In the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral edge 42further includes the edge surface 52 that is substantially parallel tothe optical axis. It is believed that the combination of the roundedtransition surface 44 on the anterior side leading to theanteriorly-facing edge surface 54 substantially reduces glare within theoptic 40.

[0074] FIGS. 7-9 each illustrates one half of an optic of an IOL insection having a configuration that reduces glare. In one design,incoming light is refracted so as to decrease the probability of lightreflecting off the peripheral edge surfaces toward the optical axisrelative to conventional lenses. In another design, incoming lightreflects off of an internal peripheral edge surface at a shallow angleof incidence not toward the optical axis so as to decrease theprobability of light reflecting off of other edge surfaces relative toconventional lenses. All of the optics disclosed in FIGS. 7-9 comprisean optical axis OA, a convex anterior face AF, and a convex posteriorface PF.

[0075] An optic 90 seen in FIG. 7 includes a peripheral edge 92 having afirst edge surface 94 that is linear and substantially parallel to theoptical axis OA, and an anteriorly-facing second edge surface 96 that islinear and non-parallel to the optical axis. With respect to the partialcross-section of the optic 90 seen in FIG. 7, the anteriorly-facingsecond edge surface 96 is angled in the counter-clockwise (ccw)direction with respect to the optical axis OA. The edge surfaces 94 and96 meet in the mid-portion of the peripheral edge 92 at a discontinuity98. A posterior edge corner 100 separates the peripheral edge 92 fromposterior face PF, while an anterior edge corner 102 separates theperipheral edge from a peripheral land 104 that is substantiallyperpendicular to the optical axis.

[0076] An incoming light ray 106 is illustrated passing through theperipheral land 104 to reflect off the second edge surface 96 within theoptic 90. The resulting reflected ray 108 is deflected through the optic90 so that it misses the first edge surface 94. In this manner, asubstantial portion of the light entering the optic 90 in the region ofthe peripheral edge 92 is reflected at a relatively shallow angle ofincidence off of the second edge surface 96, and is not reflected offthe first edge surface 94 toward the optical axis OA. Thus, glare isreduced. To achieve this result, the anteriorly-facing second edgesurface 96 is desirably angled at least about 10° with respect to theoptical axis OA.

[0077]FIG. 8 illustrates an optic 110 having a peripheral edge 112comprising a 30 single anteriorly-facing edge surface 114 that is linearand non-parallel with respect to the optical axis OA. Thus, the optic110 has a single conical anteriorly-facing edge surface 114. A posterioredge corner 116 separates the edge surface 114 from the posterior facePF, and an anterior edge corner 118 separates the edge surface 114 froma peripheral land 120 that is substantially perpendicular to the opticalaxis OA. An incoming light ray 122 is illustrated striking theperipheral land 120 and passing through the optic 110. Because of theanteriorly-facing angle of the edge surface 114, the light ray mayrefract slightly on passage through the optic 110, as indicated at 124,but will not reflect off the surface edge 114. That is, the posterioredge corner 116 is located farther radially outward from the opticalaxis OA than the anterior edge corner 118 and a substantial portion oflight passing into the region of the peripheral edge 112 simply passesthrough the material of the optic 110. To achieve this result, theanteriorly-facing edge surface 114 is desirably angled at least about 5°with respect to the optical axis OA.

[0078]FIG. 9 illustrates an optic 130 that is substantially similar tothe optic 110 of FIG. 8, with a peripheral edge 132 defined by a singleanteriorly-facing edge surface 134 that is linear and non-parallel withrespect to the optical axis OA. Thus, the optic 130 has a single conicalanteriorly-facing edge surface 134. Again, a posterior edge corner 136separates the peripheral edge 132 from the posterior face PF. Ananterior edge corner 138 separates the peripheral edge 132 from theanterior face AF, and there is no anterior peripheral land. The path ofa light ray 140 passing through the region of the peripheral edge 132illustrates the elimination of any reflection off a peripheral edgesurface. That is, a substantial portion of light striking the optic 130from the anterior side simply passes through the optic withoutreflecting toward the optical axis OA. To achieve this result, theanteriorly-facing edge surface 134 is desirably angled at least about 5°with respect to the optical axis OA.

[0079] FIGS. 10-13 illustrate a number of optics of the presentinvention that are configured to transmit internal light radiallyoutward from their peripheral edges as opposed to reflecting it towardthe optical axis. This can be done in a number of ways, all of whichresult in light hitting the peripheral edge from the interior of theoptic at an angle that is less than the critical angle for therefractive index of the lens material. Again, each of the optics inFIGS. 10-13 includes an optical axis OA, a convex anterior face AF, anda convex posterior face PF.

[0080]FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate two substantially similar optics 150 a,150 b that will be given corresponding element numbers. Each of theoptics 150 a, 150 b has a peripheral edge 152 b, 152 b defined by anedge surface 154 a, 154 b that is linear and substantially parallel tothe optical axis OA. A posterior edge corner 156 a, 156 b separates theedge surface 154 a, 154 b from the respective posterior face PF. Bothoptics 150 a, 150 b include an acute anterior edge corner 158 a, 158 bseparating the edge surface 154 a, 154 b from an anterior peripheralland 160 a, 160 b. The peripheral lands 160 a, 160 b are shown as linearand non-perpendicular with respect to the optical axis OA, but it shouldbe understood that non-linear lands may perform equally as well, and mayfurther diffuse the incoming light. The peripheral land 160 a of theoptic 150 a of FIG. 10 joins with its anterior face AF at adiscontinuity 162. On the other hand, a peripheral land 164 that islinear and substantially perpendicular to the optical axis OA joins theperipheral land 160 b of the optic 150 b of FIG. 11 to its anterior faceAF; that is, there are two peripheral lands 160 b and 164 on the optic150 b of FIG. 11.

[0081] Incoming light rays 166 a, 166 b are illustrated in FIGS. 10 and11 striking the respective peripheral lands 160 a, 160 b and passingthrough the material of the respective optics 150 a, 150 b toward theedge surfaces 154 a, 154 b. Because of the particular angle of theperipheral lands 160 a, 160 b, the light rays strike the edge surfaces154 a, 154 b at angles that are less than the critical angle for therefractive index of the lens material. Therefore, instead of reflectingoff of the edge surfaces 154 a, 154 b, the light rays pass through theperipheral edges 152 a, 152 b as indicated by the exit rays 168 a, 168b. The included angles between the edge surfaces 154 a, 154 b and theperipheral lands 160 a, 160 b are shown α₁ and α₂. These angles arepreferably less than 90°, more preferably within the range of about 45°to 88°, and most preferably within the range of about 70° to 88°. Ofcourse, these ranges may differ depending on the refractive index of thematerial.

[0082]FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate similar optics 170 a, 170 b that eachhave a peripheral edge 172 a, 172 b defined by a posteriorly-facing edgesurface 174 a, 174 b that is linear and non-parallel with respect to theoptical axis OA. A posterior edge corner 176 a, 176 b separates the edgesurface 174 a, 174 b from the posterior face PF. On the optic 170 a ofFIG. 12, an anterior edge corner 178 a separates the edge surface 174 afrom the anterior face AF, without a peripheral land. In contrast, asseen in FIG. 13 an anterior edge corner 178 b separates the edge surface174 b from a peripheral land 180 that is linear and substantiallyperpendicular to the optical axis OA of the optic 170 b. The peripheralland 180 meets the anterior face AF at a discontinuity 182.

[0083] The angles of the anterior edge corners 178 a and 178 b areindicated at β₁ and β₂. The magnitude of the angle β₁ depends both onthe convexity of the anterior face AF and the angle of theposteriorly-facing edge surface 174 a with respect to the optical axisOA. The anterior face AF may have widely differing convexities, butdesirably the posteriorly-facing edge surface 174 a is at least 2°(clockwise in the drawing) with respect to the optical axis OA.Therefore, the angle β₁ is preferably less than about 120°, and morepreferably are within the range of about 70° to 120°. The magnitude ofthe angle β₂ seen in FIG. 13 depends both on the angle of the peripheralland 180 and the angle of the posteriorly-facing edge surface 174 b withrespect to the optical axis OA. The peripheral land 180 is shown aslinear and perpendicular with respect to the optical axis OA, but itshould be understood that non-linear and non-parallel lands may performequally as well. Desirably the posteriorly-facing edge surface 174 b isat least 2° (clockwise in the drawing) with respect to the optical axisOA. Therefore, the angle β₂ is preferably acute, and more preferably iswithin the range of about 30° to 88°. Of course, these ranges may differdepending on the refractive index of the material.

[0084]FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate incoming light rays 184 a, 184 b thatstrike the anterior side of the respective optic 170 a, 170 b adjacentthe peripheral edges 172 a, 172 b and subsequently pass through thematerial of the optic and through the edge surfaces 174 a, 174 b withoutreflection. Again, this phenomenon is caused by the angles at which thelight rays strike the edge surfaces 174 a, 174 b, which are lower thanthe critical angle for the refractive index of the lens material. As aresult, the light rays simply pass through the peripheral edges 172 a,172 b without reflecting back towards the optical axis OA.

[0085]FIG. 14a illustrates a further embodiment of an IOL 200 of thepresent invention having an optic 202 and a plurality of fixationmembers 204 extending radially outward therefrom, only one of which isshown. FIG. 14b is an enlargement of a peripheral edge region of theoptic 202. As always, the optic 202 includes an optical axis OA, aconvex anterior face AF, and a convex posterior face PF.

[0086] With reference to FIG. 14b, the optic 202 includes a peripheraledge 206 defined by an anteriorly-facing edge surface 208 that is linearand non-parallel with respect to the optical axis OA. A curved orrounded transition surface 210 smoothly blends the linear edge surface208 to the convex anterior face AF. An acute posterior edge corner 212separates the edge surface 208 from a peripheral land 214 that is linearand substantially perpendicular to the optical axis OA. The peripheralland 214 joins with the convex posterior face PF at a discontinuity 216.FIG. 14a illustrates a plane 218 coincident with the circular posterioredge corner 212. This plane represents a separation line between twomold halves used to form the optic 202. In this manner, the acuteperipheral edge corner 212 can be easily formed between the mold halves.

[0087] The embodiment shown in FIGS. 14a and 14 b incorporates acombination of several advantageous features previously described. Thatis, the rounded transition surface 210 tends to diffuse light raysentering from the anterior side, as described above with respect to theembodiment of FIGS. 3-5. In addition, the edge surface 208 is angled insuch a manner that some of the light passing through the transitionsurface 210 will not even strike it, and the light that does will bereflected at a relatively shallow angle of incidence that reduces glare.

[0088] FIGS. 15-17 illustrate the peripheral edges of three optics 220a, 220 b, 220 c having similar shapes. The optic 220 a of FIG. 15 has aperipheral edge defined by an anteriorly-facing surface 222 a that islinear and non-parallel with respect to the optical axis, an acuteposterior edge corner 224 a, and a rounded anterior transition surface226 a blending with the anterior face AF. A peripheral land 228 a thatis generally perpendicular with respect to the optical axis extendsbetween the posterior face PF and the edge corner 224 a, and joins withthe posterior face PF at a discontinuity 230 a. The included anglebetween the surface 222 a and the peripheral land 228 a is relativelysmall, and the rounded transition surface 226 a protrudes slightlyoutward from the surface 222 a.

[0089] The peripheral edge of the optic 220 b shown in FIG. 16 alsoincludes-an anteriorly-facing surface 222 b that is linear andnon-parallel with respect to the optical axis, an acute posterior edgecorner 224 b, and a rounded anterior transition surface 226 b blendingwith the anterior face AF. A peripheral land 228 b that is notperpendicular to the optical axis extends between the posterior face PFand the edge corner 224 b. The peripheral land 228 b joins with theposterior face PF at a discontinuity 230 b. The included angle betweenthe surface 222 b and the peripheral land 228 b is slightly larger thanthat shown in FIG. 15, primarily because the surface 222 b has ashallower angle with respect to the optical axis than the surface 222 a.

[0090] The peripheral edge of the optic 220 c shown in FIG. 17 alsoincludes-an anteriorly-facing surface 222 c that is linear andnon-parallel with respect to the optical axis, an acute posterior edgecorner 224 c, and a rounded anterior transition surface 226 c blendingwith the anterior face AF. A peripheral land 228 c that is notperpendicular to the optical axis extends between the posterior face PFand the edge corner 224 c. The peripheral land 228 c joins with theposterior face PF at a discontinuity 230 c. The optic 220 c is fairlysimilar to the optic 220 b, but has a slightly less convex posteriorface PF.

[0091]FIG. 18 illustrates the peripheral edge of an optic 240 having asaw-tooth or baffled edge surface 242. The edge surface 242 is generallyaligned to face the anterior side of the optic 240 and includes multipletooth facets or surfaces 244 a and 244 b defining peaks 246 and troughs248. Each tooth surface 244 a is desirably parallel to the othersurfaces on the same side of each tooth, as is each tooth surface 244 bwith respect to the others on the other side of each tooth. Theperipheral edge of the optic 240 further includes a posterior edgecorner 250 and a rounded transition surface 252 blending into theanterior face AF. A peripheral land 254 that is generally perpendicularto the optical axis extends between the posterior face PF and the edgecorner 250.

[0092] Still with reference to FIG. 18, light striking the peripheraledge of the optic 240 from the anterior side is scattered and diffusedupon passage through the baffled edge surface 242 and the roundedtransition surface 252. This helps reduce glare within the optic 240. Inaddition, the edge surface 242 is angled so as to be non-parallel withrespect to the optical axis, and thus some of the light rays internal tothe optic 240 will not even strike this edge surface to further reduceglare.

[0093] An optic 260 that includes a linear posteriorly-facing edgesurface 262 is seen in FIG. 19. The peripheral edge of the optic 260comprises the edge surface 262, a rounded transition surface 264blending to the anterior face AF, and a peripheral edge corner 266adjacent a short peripheral land 268. The advantages of theposteriorly-facing edge surface 262 were described previously withrespect to FIGS. 12 and 13, and primarily involved light beingtransmitted through the edge surface as opposed to being internallyreflected off of it. Of course, light that is transmitted through theedge surface 262 as opposed to being reflected off of it cannotcontribute to glare. In addition, the rounded transition surface 264helps to diffuse light rays striking the peripheral edge, thus furtherreducing glare.

[0094]FIG. 20 illustrates an optic 280 having both an anterior edgecorner 282 and posterior edge corner 284. A posteriorly-facing edgesurface 286 extends from the anterior edge corner 282 to an apex 288,and an anteriorly-facing edge surface 290 extends between the apex andthe posterior edge corner 284. The apex 288 defines the midpoint of agroove, and the resulting configuration in cross-section is somethinglike a forked-tongue. A pair of peripheral lands 292 a, 292 b extendsbetween the edge corners 282, 284 and the respective anterior andposterior faces of the optic 280. The peripheral lands 292 a, 292 b aredesirably perpendicular to the optical axis. Again, the provision oflinear edge surfaces that are non-parallel with respect to the opticalaxis helps reduce glare within the optic 280. Furthermore, therelatively sharp edge corners 282, 284 helps reduce PCO by inhibitingcell growth on both the anterior and posterior sides of the optic 280.

[0095] Another embodiment of the invention seen in FIG. 21 has an optic300 with an anterior face 302, a posterior face 304, an anteriorperipheral region 306, a posterior peripheral region 308 and aperipheral edge surface 310. The peripheral edge surface 310 has acontinuously curved, concave configuration, for example, incross-section. The peripheral edge surface 310 intersects anteriorperipheral region 306 at anterior peripheral corner edge 312 at an angleof about 70°. Corner edge 312 is at a discontinuity between anteriorface 302 (anterior peripheral region 306) and peripheral edge surface310, and circumscribes optical axis 314. Peripheral edge surface 310intersects posterior peripheral region 308 at posterior peripheralcorner edge 316 at an angle of about 70° Corner edge 316 is at adiscontinuity between posterior face 304 (posterior peripheral region308) and peripheral edge surface 310, and circumscribes optical axis314.

[0096] The anterior and posterior peripheral regions 306 and 308 extendradially inwardly, for example, for a distance of about 0.1 mm to about1.0 mm or more (about 0.5 mm as shown in FIG. 21), from the peripheraledge surface 310, and peripheral corner edge 312 and 316 respectively,and are substantially planar, more particularly, substantiallyperpendicular to the optical axis 314 of optic 300. Anterior face 302includes an additional anterior region 318 which is convex, not planar.Posterior face 304 includes an additional posterior region 320 whichalso is convex, not planar. The dimension of optic 300 between anteriorface 302 and posterior face 304 at the peripheral regions 306 and 308 issmaller than the same dimension at the optical axis 314.

[0097] It is found that implanting an IOL having the optic 300 in thecapsular bag of an eye effectively inhibits or retards cell migration orgrowth, for example, l 0 epithelial cell migration or growth, from theeye onto and/or over the anterior and posterior faces 302 and 304 ofoptic 300. In addition, it is found that a reduced amount of edge glareis obtained with an IOL having the optic 300 implanted in the capsularbag of the eye.

[0098] Without wishing to limit the invention to any particular theoryof operation, it is believed that an IOL having the optic 300 providesfor inhibition of cell migration or growth onto and/or over the optic300 because of the sharp or abrupt peripheral corner edges 312 and 316.Thus, it is believed that the cells from the eye have a reduced tendencyto grow onto and/or over the anterior face 302 and posterior face 304relative to a substantially identical IOL without such peripheral corneredge. In addition, it is believed that the reduced glare obtained usingan IOL having the optic 300 results from the curved configuration of theperipheral edge surface 310. Thus, an IOL having the optic 300 includingthe substantially continuously curved peripheral edge surface 310provides reduced glare relative to a substantially similar IOL having aperipheral edge surface which is substantially parallel, for example, incross-section, to the optical axis of the IOL.

[0099]FIG. 22 illustrates an alternate embodiment of an IOL inaccordance with the present invention. This IOL has an optic showngenerally at 330. Except as expressly described herein, optic 330 isstructured and functions similarly to optic 300.

[0100] The principal difference between the optic 330 and the optic 300relates to the shape of the anterior face 332 and the shape of posteriorface 334. Specifically, anterior face 332 is convex throughout, andoptic 330 does not include a substantially planar anterior peripheralregion. This convex anterior face 332 intersects peripheral edge surface336 at sharp anterior peripheral corner edge 338. Similarly, posteriorface 334 is convex throughout, and optic 330 does not include asubstantially planar posterior peripheral region. This convex posteriorface 334 intersects peripheral edge surface 336 at sharp posteriorperipheral corner edge 340. The specific configuration of anterior face332 and posterior face 334 can be independently provided to address theneeds of any given specific application including the following factors;the vision correction or corrections desired, the size of optic 330, thesize of the eye in which an IOL having optic 330 is to be placed and thelike factors. Optic 330 inhibits or retards cell migration or growth andprovides a reduced amount of edge glare as does the optic 300, describedabove.

[0101]FIG. 23 illustrates a further embodiment of an IOL in accordancewith the present invention. This IOL has an optic shown generally at350. Except as expressly described herein, optic 350 is structured andfunctions similarly to optic 330.

[0102] The principal difference between optic 350 and optic 330 relatesto the shape of peripheral edge surface 352. Specifically, the curvatureof peripheral edge surface 352 is more complex relative to the curvatureof peripheral edge surface 336. In particular, the curvature of edgesurface 352 varies substantially continuously while the curvature ofedge surface 336 is a substantially constant concave arc (incross-section). Peripheral edge surface 352 is configured to reduce theamount of edge glare obtained with optic 350 in the eye relative to, forexample, IOL 30 of FIG. 2. The specific configuration or curvature ofperipheral edge surface 352 is provided to address the needs of aspecific application, including the following factors: the size of theoptic 350, the size of the eye in which an IOL having the optic 330 isto be placed and the like factors.

[0103]FIG. 24 illustrates an additional embodiment of the presentinvention. The IOL illustrated in FIG. 24 has an optic shown generallyat 360. Except as expressly described herein, optic 360 is structuredand functions similarly to optic 330.

[0104] The primary difference between optic 360 and optic 330 relates tothe configuration of peripheral edge surface 362. Specifically, thecurvature of peripheral edge surface 362 varies substantiallycontinuously (in a manner which is substantially the reverse of thecurvature of peripheral edge surface 352 of optic 350) while thecurvature of edge 336 is a substantially constant concave arc (incross-section). The peripheral edge surface 362 of optic 360 iseffective in reducing the glare caused by the presence of optic 360 inthe eye relative to the glare obtained with IOL 30 of FIG. 2 in the eye.

[0105]FIG. 25 illustrates an additional embodiment of an IOL inaccordance with the present invention. Except as expressly describedherein, this IOL, having an optic shown generally at 370 is structuredand functions similarly to optic 330.

[0106] The primary difference between optic 370 and optic 330 relates tothe configuration of the peripheral edge surface 372. Specifically,peripheral edge surface 372 includes a first portion 374 which isconcave relative to the optical axis 376 of optic 370. Peripheral edgesurface 372 also includes a second portion 378 which is convex relativeto the optical axis 376 of optic 370. Thus, the curvature of theperipheral edge surface of the present IOLs, for example, peripheraledge surface 372 of optic 370, can be relatively complex. Peripheraledge surface 372 is effective to provide reduced glare in the eyerelative to IOL 30 of FIG. 2. In addition, it should be noted that theperipheral edge surface 372 intersects anterior face 380 at anteriorperipheral corner edge 382 at an angle of about 90°. Similarly, theperipheral edge surface 372 intersects posterior peripheral region 384at posterior peripheral corner edge 386 at an angle of about 90°.

[0107] Optic 370, as with all of the IOLs in accordance with the presentinvention, is effective in inhibiting or retarding cell migration orgrowth from the eye onto or over the optic 370.

[0108]FIG. 26 illustrates a further alternate embodiment of an IOL inaccordance with the present invention. This IOL has an optic showngenerally at 400. Except as expressly described herein, optic 400 isstructured and functions substantially similarly to optic 330.

[0109] The primary differences between optic 400 and optic 330 relate tothe configuration of peripheral edge surface 402 and the configurationof the intersection between anterior face 404 and peripheral edgesurface 402 of optic 400. Specifically, peripheral edge surface 402 hasa continuously curved configuration somewhat similar to peripheral edgesurface 372 of optic 370. Also, the anterior face 404 intersectsperipheral edge surface 402 on a curve (that is on a continuity not at adiscontinuity). In other words, the intersection of anterior face 404and peripheral edge surface 402 is smooth or continuous, not sharp ordiscontinuous.

[0110] Optic 400 is effective in reducing the amount of glare obtainedwith optic 400 in the eye relative to IOL 30 of FIG. 2 in the eye. Also,optic 370 is effective in retarding or inhibiting migration from the eyeonto and/or over cell growth or migration from the eye onto and/or overthe posterior face 406 of optic 400.

[0111]FIG. 27 illustrates a still further embodiment of an IOL inaccordance with the present invention. Except as expressly describedherein, this IOL, having an optic shown generally at 410 is structuredand functions similarly to optic 330.

[0112] The primary difference between optic 410 and optic 330 relates tothe configuration of the peripheral edge surface 412 and to theconfiguration of posterior face 414. Specifically, peripheral edgesurface 412 is convex relative to the optical axis 416 of optic 410.Peripheral edge surface 412 does not intersect anterior face 418 at asharp or discontinuous corner edge, but does intersect posterior face414 at an obtuse angle at posterior peripheral corner 420. Posteriorface 414 includes a peripheral region 422 which is substantiallyperpendicular to optical axis 416. Anterior face 418 includes aperipheral region 424 which is roughened to be at least partially opaqueto the transmission of light. The combination of the convex peripheraledge surface 412 and the at least partially opaque peripheral region 424is particularly effective in reducing glare, for example, from corner420, obtained with an IOL having optic 410 in the eye.

[0113]FIG. 28 illustrates still another embodiment of an IOL inaccordance with the present invention. This IOL has an optic showngenerally at 440. Except as expressly described herein, optic 440 isstructured and functions substantially similarly to optic 330.

[0114] The primary differences between optic 440 and optic 330 relate tothe configuration of peripheral edge surface 442, the configuration ofthe intersection between anterior face 444 and peripheral edge surface442 of optic 440 and the configuration of posterior face 446. Peripheraledge surface 442 includes a first portion 448 which is convex relativeto optic axis 450 of optic 440. Peripheral edge surface 442 alsoincludes a second portion 452 which transitions from first portion 448and intersects posterior face 446 at corner 454. Peripheral edge surface442 does not intersect anterior face 444 at a sharp or discontinuancecorner edge. Posterior face 446 includes a peripheral region 456 whichis substantially perpendicular to optical axis 450. Anterior face 444includes the peripheral region 458 which is roughened to be at leastpartially opaque to the transmission of light. Region 460 of peripheraledge surface 442 and region 462 of posterior face 446 are also roughenedto be at least partially opaque to the transmission of light. Thecombination of the peripheral edge surface 442 and the at leastpartially opaque regions 458, 460, 462 is particularly effective inreducing glare, for example, from corner edge 454, obtained with optic440 in the eye.

[0115] In addition to designing the geometry of the peripheral edge ofthe intraocular lenses of the present invention to reduce glare andposterior capsule opacification (PCO), the edges and surfaces near theedges may be “textured” or frosted to cause scatter of light impingingon the peripheral region. Such scattering helps reduce edge glare. Inaddition, use of texture in combination with various edge geometries mayhelp reduce PCO. Various texturing regimens may be used, as described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,693,094, entitled IOL for Reducing SecondaryOpacification, hereby expressly incorporated by reference. With respectto specific embodiments, IOLs made of silicone desirably includetexturing/frosting on at least one edge surface as well as on aperipheral region of the posterior face, or intermediate land. AcrylicIOLs, on the other hand, desirably include texturing/frosting on atleast one edge surface, and preferably on an edge surface that isparallel to the optical axis.

[0116] The intraocular lenses of the present invention may bemanufactured using a variety of techniques, including injection molding,compression molding, lathing, and milling. Those of skill in the artwill understand how to form the mold dies, or program the cutting toolsto shape the lenses in accordance with present invention. Importantly,care must be taken to avoid rounding the various corners ordiscontinuities for the particular optic during the polishing process.Therefore, the corners must be masked or otherwise protected while thelens is being polished. Alternatively, the unmasked lens may be polishedand then the various edge surfaces re-cut to insure sharp corners.

[0117] With reference back to FIG. 1, the design of the fixation members24 a, 24 b may play an important role in reducing the risk of PCO forany particular lens. That is, the fixation members 24 a, 24 b must bedesigned such that during capsular contraction, there is enough axialmovement and accompanying bias of the lens against the posterior capsuleto seal the capsule around the posterior edge corners of the lens. Avariety of fixation members 24 a, 24 b are known in the art that canprovide the required posterior bias to the lens. The preciseconfiguration of the fixation members 24 a, 24 b may vary depending onthe overall lens diameter, the diameter of the optic, the angle of thefixation member, the stiffness of the fixation member material, thegauge of the fixation member, the geometry of the fixation member, andthe way in which the fixation member is attached to the lens.

[0118] The present invention very effectively provides IOLs whichinhibit cell growth or migration, in particular epithelial cell growthor migration from a capsular bag, onto and/or over the IOL optics. Inaddition, the IOLs produce reduced glare, in particular edge glare,relative to a lens having a peripheral edge which is substantiallyparallel, in cross-section, to the optical axis of the IOL optic. Thesebenefits are achieved with IOLs which are easily manufactured andinserted in the eye. Such IOLs can be made of any suitable material, andprovide effective performance and substantial benefits to the patient.

[0119] While this invention has been described with respect to variousspecific examples and embodiments, it is to be understood that theinvention is not limited thereto and that it can be variously practicedwithin the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An intraocular lens that reduces glare fromincoming light rays, comprising: a centered optic sized and adapted forplacement in the capsular bag of an eye and shaped to direct lighttoward the retina of the eye, the optic having: a central optical axis;an anterior face and an opposed posterior face; a corrective portionthrough both faces for focusing light rays striking the anterior faceonto the retina of the eye; and a peripheral edge surface between atleast the anterior and posterior faces and circumscribing the optic thatincludes at least one portion that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light to help reduce glare from incoming light rays;and, a peripheral corner edge located at a discontinuity between theperipheral edge surface and the posterior face for inhibiting cellgrowth onto the optic; and at least one fixation member extendingoutward from the optic and adapted to locate the optic in the eye. 2.The intraocular lens of claim 1, wherein the peripheral edge surfaceincludes a convex portion located adjacent the anterior face that is atleast partially opaque to the transmission of light.
 3. The intraocularlens of claim 1, wherein, from the anterior face to the posterior face,the peripheral edge surface comprises, in sequence, a convex portion, aportion with a linear cross-sectional configuration, and the peripheralcorner edge, and wherein the entire peripheral edge surface is at leastpartially opaque to the transmission of light to help reduce glare fromincoming light rays.
 4. The intraocular lens of claim 1, wherein, fromthe anterior face to the posterior face, the peripheral edge surfacecomprises, in sequence, a convex portion, two portions with linearcross-sectional configurations one which describes a cylindrical surfacearound the optical axis and the other which describes a partial conicalsurface around the optical axis, and the peripheral corner edge, andwherein the entire peripheral edge surface is at least partially opaqueto the transmission of light to help reduce glare from incoming lightrays.
 5. The intraocular lens of any of claims 2, 3, or 4, wherein anyportion of the peripheral edge surface that is at least partially opaqueto the transmission of light is physically roughened.
 6. The intraocularlens any of claims 2, 3, or 4, wherein any portion of the peripheraledge surface that is at least partially opaque to the transmission oflight is chemically roughened.
 7. The intraocular lens any of claims 2,3, or 4, wherein any portion of the peripheral edge surface that is atleast partially opaque to the transmission of light is frosted.
 8. Theintraocular lens any of claims 2, 3, or 4, wherein any portion of theperipheral edge surface that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light is textured.
 9. The intraocular lens of claim 1,wherein the anterior face includes an anterior peripheral region betweenthe corrective portion and the peripheral edge surface that is at leastpartially opaque to the transmission of light to help reduce glare fromincoming light rays.
 10. The intraocular lens of claim 9, wherein theanterior peripheral region is substantially planar and perpendicular tothe central optical axis.
 11. The intraocular lens of claim 1, whereinthe posterior face includes a posterior peripheral region between thecorrective portion and the peripheral edge surface that is at leastpartially opaque to the transmission of light to help reduce glare fromincoming light rays.
 12. The intraocular lens of claim 1, wherein theperipheral corner edge is formed by an angle at the intersection of theperipheral edge surface and the posterior face of between about45°-135°.
 13. The intraocular lens of claim 1, wherein the optic has aDiopter power of at least
 20. 14. An intraocular lens that inhibits cellgrowth thereon and reduces glare from incoming light rays, comprising: acentered optic sized and adapted for placement in the capsular bag of aneye and shaped to direct light toward the retina of the eye, the optichaving: a central optical axis; an anterior face and an opposedposterior face; a corrective portion through both faces for focusinglight rays striking the anterior face onto the retina of the eye; and aperipheral edge surface between the anterior and posterior faces andcircumscribing the optic, the peripheral edge surface having a curvedportion located on the anterior side of the peripheral edge surfaceadjacent the anterior face for reducing glare from incoming light rays,and wherein at least a portion of the peripheral edge surface is atleast partially opaque to the transmission of light to help reduce glarefrom incoming light rays; and at least one fixation member extendingoutward from the optic and adapted to locate the optic in the eye. 15.The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the curved portion is convex.16. The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the curved portion isconcave.
 17. The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the portion ofthe peripheral edge surface that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light is physically roughened.
 18. The intraocular lensof claim 14, wherein the portion of the peripheral edge surface that isat least partially opaque to the transmission of light is chemicallyroughened.
 19. The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the portion ofthe peripheral edge surface that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light is frosted.
 20. The intraocular lens of claim 14,wherein the portion of the peripheral edge surface that is at leastpartially opaque to the transmission of light is textured.
 21. Theintraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the anterior face includes ananterior peripheral region between the corrective portion and theperipheral edge surface that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light to help reduce glare from incoming light rays. 22.The intraocular lens of claim 21, wherein the anterior peripheral regionis substantially planar and perpendicular to the central optical axis.23. The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the posterior faceincludes a posterior peripheral region between the corrective portionand the peripheral edge surface that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light to help reduce glare from incoming light rays. 24.The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the optic further includes aperipheral corner edge located at a discontinuity between the peripheraledge surface and the posterior face for inhibiting cell growth onto theoptic.
 25. The intraocular lens of claim 24, wherein the peripheralcorner edge is formed by an angle at the intersection of the peripheraledge surface and the posterior face of between about 45°-135°.
 26. Theintraocular lens of claim 14, wherein the optic has a Diopter power ofat least
 20. 27. The intraocular lens of claim 14, wherein theperipheral edge surface further includes at least one surface with alinear cross-sectional configuration.
 28. The intraocular lens of claim27, wherein the peripheral edge surface includes two surfaces withlinear cross-sectional configurations, one which describes a cylindricalsurface around the optical axis and the other which describes a partialconical surface around the optical axis.
 29. The intraocular lens ofclaim 28, wherein, from the anterior face to the posterior face, theperipheral edge surface comprises, in sequence, the curved portion, thepartial conical surface, and the cylindrical surface.
 30. Theintraocular lens of claim 29, wherein the entire peripheral edge surfaceis at least partially opaque to the transmission of light.
 31. Theintraocular lens of claim 30, wherein the anterior face includes ananterior peripheral region between the corrective portion and theperipheral edge surface that is at least partially opaque to thetransmission of light to help reduce glare from incoming light rays.